I. Mapangidwe a Zinthu Zazikulu
1. Gawo Lovuta: Tungsten Carbide (WC)
- Gawo Range70-95%
- Zofunika Kwambiri: Imawonetsa kuuma kopitilira muyeso komanso kukana kuvala, ndi kuuma kwa Vickers ≥1400 HV.
- Mphamvu ya Kukula kwa Njere:
- Njere Zosalala (3–8μm): Kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana kwamphamvu, koyenera kupanga mapangidwe okhala ndi miyala kapena zolumikizira zolimba.
- Njere Zabwino/Zochuluka Kwambiri (0.2–2μm): Kulimbitsa kulimba komanso kukana kuvala, koyenera pamapangidwe olimba kwambiri ngati mwala wa mchenga wa quartz.
2. Binder Phase: Cobalt (Co) kapena Nickel (Ni)
- Gawo Range: 5-30%, kuchita ngati "zomatira zachitsulo" kumangiriza tungsten carbide particles ndikupereka kulimba.
- Mitundu ndi Makhalidwe:
- Cobalt-Based (Mainstream Choice):
- Ubwino: Mphamvu yayikulu pakutentha kwambiri, kusinthasintha kwamafuta abwino, komanso makina apamwamba kwambiri.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito: Mapangidwe ambiri ochiritsira komanso otentha kwambiri (cobalt imakhalabe yokhazikika pansi pa 400 ° C).
- Zotengera Nickel (Zofunika Zapadera):
- Ubwino wake: Kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri (kusagwirizana ndi H₂S, CO₂, ndi madzi akubowola amchere kwambiri).
- Ntchito: Malo opangira mpweya wa acidic, nsanja zakunyanja, ndi malo ena owononga.
- Cobalt-Based (Mainstream Choice):
3. Zowonjezera (Kukhathamiritsa Kwapang'ono)
- Chromium Carbide (Cr₃C₂): Imalimbitsa kukana kwa okosijeni ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa gawo la binder pansi pa kutentha kwambiri.
- Tantalum Carbide (TaC)/Niobium Carbide (NbC): Imalepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu ndikuwonjezera kuuma kwa kutentha kwambiri.
II. Zifukwa Zosankhira Tungsten Carbide Hardmetal
| Kachitidwe | Ubwino Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Valani Kukaniza | Kuuma kwachiwiri kokha kwa diamondi, kugonjetsedwa ndi kukokoloka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ngati mchenga wa quartz (mavalidwe ovala nthawi 10+ kutsika kuposa chitsulo). |
| Impact Resistance | Kulimba kochokera ku gawo la cobalt/nickel binder kumalepheretsa kugawikana kuchokera ku kugwedezeka kwapansi ndi kugunda pang'ono (makamaka mapira a coarse-grain + high-cobalt formulations). |
| Kukhazikika Kwambiri Kutentha | Imasunga magwiridwe antchito pansi pa dzenje la kutentha kwa 300-500 ° C (ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt amakhala ndi kutentha kwa ~ 500 ° C). |
| Kukaniza kwa Corrosion | Ma aloyi opangidwa ndi Nickel amakana dzimbiri kuchokera kumadzi obowola okhala ndi sulfure, kukulitsa moyo wautumiki m'malo okhala acidic. |
| Mtengo-Kuchita bwino | Mtengo wotsika kwambiri kuposa diamondi/cubic boron nitride, wokhala ndi moyo wantchito 20-50 kuwirikiza 20 mpaka 50 wa ma nozzles achitsulo, zomwe zimapereka zabwino zonse. |
III. Kuyerekeza ndi Zinthu Zina
| Mtundu Wazinthu | Zoipa | Zochitika za Ntchito |
|---|---|---|
| Diamondi (PCD/PDC) | High brittleness, kusowa mphamvu kukana; okwera mtengo kwambiri (~ 100x ya tungsten carbide). | Kawirikawiri ntchito nozzles; nthawi zina m'malo oyesera abrasive kwambiri. |
| Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) | Kukana kutentha kwabwino koma kulimba kochepa; okwera mtengo. | Mawonekedwe olimba kwambiri ozama kwambiri (osakhala amtundu wanji). |
| Ceramics (Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄) | Kuuma kwakukulu koma brittleness yofunika; kusakanizidwa bwino kwa kutentha kwa kutentha. | Mugawo lovomerezeka labu, lomwe silinapangidwebe malonda. |
| Chitsulo Champhamvu Kwambiri | Kusakwanira kuvala kukana, moyo waufupi wautumiki. | Mabiti otsika kapena njira zina zosakhalitsa. |
IV. Malangizo a Chisinthiko chaukadaulo
1. Kukonzekera kwa Zinthu Zofunika
- Nanocrystalline Tungsten Carbide: Kukula kwa mapira <200nm, kuuma kumawonjezeka ndi 20% popanda kusokoneza kulimba (mwachitsanzo, Sandvik Hyperion™ series).
- Mapangidwe Opangidwa Mwantchito: WC yolimba kwambiri yatirigu pamwamba pa nozzle, yolimba kwambiri yambewu + yolimba ya cobalt pachimake, kuvala moyenera komanso kukana kusweka.
2. Kulimbitsa Pamwamba
- Kupaka diamondi (CVD): Kanema wa 2–5μm amawonjezera kuuma kwa pamwamba mpaka> 6000 HV, kukulitsa moyo ndi 3-5x (kuwonjezeka kwa 30% kwa mtengo).
- Kuyika kwa laser: Zigawo za WC-Co zoyikidwa m'malo osatetezeka a nozzle kuti zithandizire kukana kuvala kwanuko.
3. Zowonjezera Zopanga
- 3D-Yosindikizidwa Tungsten Carbide: Imathandizira kupanga njira zophatikizika zamayendedwe ovuta (mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe a Venturi) kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zama hydraulic.
V. Zinthu Zofunika Pakusankha Zinthu
| Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito | Malangizo a Zakuthupi |
|---|---|
| Mapangidwe abrasive kwambiri | Fine/ultrafine-grain WC + cobalt wapakatikati (6–8%) |
| Zigawo zowoneka bwino za Impact/vibration | Coarse-grain WC + high cobalt (10-13%) kapena kapangidwe kake |
| Malo a Acid (H₂S/CO₂). | Zomangira za Nickel + Zowonjezera Cr₃C₂ |
| Zitsime zozama kwambiri (> 150°C) | Cobalt-based alloy + TaC/NbC zowonjezera (peŵani faifi tambala chifukwa cha mphamvu zofooka za kutentha kwambiri) |
| Mapulojekiti osatengera ndalama | WC wapakati-tirigu + 9% cobalt |
Mapeto
- Kulamulira Msika: Tungsten carbide hardmetal (WC-Co/WC-Ni) ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limawerengera> 95% yamisika yapadziko lonse lapansi yobowola nozzle.
- Performance Core: Kusinthika pazovuta zosiyanasiyana zamapangidwe kudzera pakusintha kwambewu ya WC, chiŵerengero cha cobalt/nickel, ndi zowonjezera.
- Kusasinthika: Imakhalabe yankho loyenera lofananira kukana kuvala, kulimba, ndi mtengo, ndi matekinoloje apamwamba (nanocrystallization, zokutira) kukulitsa malire ake ogwiritsira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-03-2025
