Chidziwitso chodziwika bwino chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri

Chidziwitso chodziwika bwino chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri

Chitsulo ndi mawu omwe amatanthauza zitsulo zachitsulo-kaboni zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya pakati pa 0.02% ndi 2.11%.Zoposa 2.11% ndi chitsulo.

The mankhwala zikuchokera zitsulo zingasiyane kwambiri.Chitsulo chokhala ndi carbon chokha chimatchedwa carbon steel kapena chitsulo wamba.Mu smelting ndondomeko zitsulo, chromium, faifi tambala, manganese, pakachitsulo, titaniyamu, molybdenum ndi zinthu zina aloyi akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kusintha katundu zitsulo.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi mikhalidwe yayikulu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri, ndipo zomwe zili mu chromium ndi 10.5%, ndipo zomwe zili ndi mpweya siziposa 1.2%.

   1. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichichita dzimbiri?

Pakakhala dzimbiri labulauni (mawanga) pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, anthu amadabwa.Iwo amaganiza kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichichita dzimbiri.Dzimbiri sichitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha vuto la chitsulo.Ndipotu, ichi ndi lingaliro lolakwika la mbali imodzi la kusamvetsetsa kwazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chidzachita dzimbiri pazifukwa zina.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kukana makutidwe ndi okosijeni mumlengalenga - kukana dzimbiri, komanso kutha kukana dzimbiri m'malo omwe muli asidi, alkali ndi mchere, ndiko kuti, kukana dzimbiri.Komabe, kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe amapangira mankhwala, momwe amagwirira ntchito, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso mtundu wa media media.Mwachitsanzo, zinthu za 304 zili ndi mphamvu yotsutsa kwambiri ya dzimbiri m'malo owuma komanso aukhondo, koma zikasunthidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, posachedwapa zichita dzimbiri mu chifunga cha m'nyanja chokhala ndi mchere wambiri.Choncho, si mtundu uliwonse wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri umene ungakane dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri nthawi iliyonse.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi filimu yopyapyala kwambiri, yolimba komanso yabwino yokhazikika ya chromium-rich oxide oxide (filimu yoteteza) yomwe imapangidwa pamwamba pake kuti maatomu a okosijeni asapitirire kulowa mkati ndi kutulutsa okosijeni, motero amatha kukana dzimbiri.Kamodzi pazifukwa zina, filimuyo imawonongeka nthawi zonse, maatomu a okosijeni mumlengalenga kapena madzi apitirizabe kulowa kapena maatomu achitsulo muzitsulo adzapitirizabe kupatukana, kupanga okusayidi yachitsulo yotayirira, ndipo pamwamba pazitsulo zidzakhalanso zowonongeka.

2. Kodi ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zotani zimene sizivuta kuchita dzimbiri?

Pali zinthu zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri.

1) Zomwe zili muzinthu za alloying

Nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chokhala ndi 10.5% chromium sichapafupi kuchita dzimbiri.Kuchuluka kwa chromium ndi faifi tambala, kumapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke.Mwachitsanzo, zomwe zili mu 304 nickel ndi 8% ~ 10%, ndipo zomwe zili mu chromium ndi 18% ~ 20%.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chotere sichingachite dzimbiri nthawi zonse.

2) Njira yosungunulira mabizinesi opanga

Njira yosungunula yamakampani opanga zinthu idzakhudzanso kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Zomera zazikulu zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri zokhala ndi ukadaulo wabwino wosungunula, zida zotsogola komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba zitha kutsimikizika potengera kuwongolera kwazinthu zopangira ma alloying, kuchotsa zonyansa, komanso kuwongolera kutentha kwa billet kuzizira.Choncho, khalidwe la mankhwala ndi lokhazikika komanso lodalirika, khalidwe lamkati ndi labwino, ndipo sikophweka kuti dzimbiri.M'malo mwake, zomera zina zing'onozing'ono zazitsulo zili m'mbuyo mu zipangizo ndi zamakono.Panthawi yosungunula, zonyansa sizingachotsedwe, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa zimachita dzimbiri.

3) Malo akunja

Chilengedwe chokhala ndi nyengo youma komanso mpweya wabwino sizovuta kuchita dzimbiri.Komabe, madera okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, nyengo yamvula yosalekeza, kapena acidity yayikulu komanso amchere mumlengalenga amakonda dzimbiri.304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chidzachita dzimbiri ngati malo ozungulira ndi osauka kwambiri.

 3. Kodi mungathane bwanji ndi mawanga a dzimbiri pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri?

1) Njira zamakina

Gwiritsani ntchito phala loyeretsera asidi kapena utsi kuti ziwondolere zidutsenso kuti zipange filimu ya chromium oxide kuti zibwezeretse ku dzimbiri.Pambuyo poyeretsa asidi, kuti muchotse zowononga zonse ndi zotsalira za asidi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsuka bwino ndi madzi oyera.Pambuyo pa chithandizo chonse, pukutaninso ndi zida zopukutira ndikusindikiza ndi sera yopukutira.Pazigawo zokhala ndi dzimbiri pang'ono, 1: 1 mafuta osakaniza ndi osakaniza a injini angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupukuta madontho a dzimbiri ndi nsanza zoyera.

2) Njira yamakina

Kuyeretsa kuphulika, kuwomberedwa ndi galasi kapena ceramic particles, kuwononga, kupukuta ndi kupukuta.N'zotheka kuchotsa kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zinachotsedwa kale, zipangizo zopukutira kapena zowonongeka ndi njira zamakina.Mitundu yonse ya kuipitsa, makamaka yachilendo chitsulo particles, akhoza kukhala gwero la dzimbiri, makamaka chinyezi chilengedwe.Choncho, ndi makina kutsukidwa pamwamba ayenera mwalamulo kutsukidwa pansi youma mikhalidwe.Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yamakina kumatha kuyeretsa pamwamba pake ndipo sikungasinthe kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa zinthuzo.Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzanso ndi zipangizo zopukuta pambuyo poyeretsa makina, ndikusindikiza ndi sera yopukutira.

4. Kodi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chingaweruzidwe ndi maginito?

Anthu ambiri amapita kukagula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndikubweretsa maginito ang'onoang'ono.Akayang’ana katunduyo, amaona kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chabwino ndi chimene sichingamwe.Popanda maginito, sipadzakhala dzimbiri.Ndipotu uku ndikumvetsetsa kolakwika.

Gulu lopanda maginito lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri limatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake.Panthawi yolimba yachitsulo chosungunula, chifukwa cha kutentha kosiyanasiyana, idzapanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana monga "ferrite", "austenite" ndi "martensite", omwe "ferrite" ndi "martensite" zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi maginito. .Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha "austenitic" chili ndi zida zabwino zamakina komanso kuwotcherera, koma chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha "ferritic" chokhala ndi maginito ndi champhamvu kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha "austenitic" potengera kukana dzimbiri.

Pakalipano, zomwe zimatchedwa 200 mndandanda ndi 300 zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri zokhala ndi manganese apamwamba komanso otsika mtengo wa nickel pamsika alibe maginito, koma ntchito yawo ili kutali ndi 304 yokhala ndi nickel yapamwamba.M'malo mwake, 304 idzakhalanso ndi maginito ang'onoang'ono atatambasula, annealing, kupukuta, kuponyera ndi njira zina.Choncho, ndi kusamvetsetsana ndi sayansi kuweruza ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri popanda magnetism.

5. Kodi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi ziti?

201: Manganese amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha nickel, chomwe chimakhala ndi acid komanso kukana kwa alkali, kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kupukuta komanso opanda thovu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamilandu yamawotchi, machubu okongoletsa, machubu amakampani ndi zinthu zina zosazama kwambiri.

202: Ndi ya nickel yotsika komanso chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha manganese, chokhala ndi faifi tambala ndi manganese pafupifupi 8%.M'malo ofooka a dzimbiri, imatha kusintha 304, ndikuchita bwino kwambiri.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokongoletsa nyumba, msewu wachitetezo chamsewu, uinjiniya wamatauni, njanji yamagalasi, malo amsewu, ndi zina zambiri.

304: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chokhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kutentha, kutsika kwamphamvu kwa kutentha ndi makina, komanso kulimba kwambiri, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani azakudya, m'makampani azachipatala, m'mafakitale, m'makampani opanga mankhwala, komanso m'makampani okongoletsa kunyumba.

304L: low carbon 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ntchito zida zida ndi kukana dzimbiri ndi formability.

316: Ndi kuwonjezera kwa Mo, ili ndi kukana kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamadzi am'nyanja, chemistry, mafakitale azakudya ndi kupanga mapepala.

321: Ili ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yophwanya kupsinjika kwa kutentha komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri.

430: Kutopa kosamva kutentha, kukulitsa kwamafuta ndikocheperako kuposa kwa austenite, ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zam'nyumba ndi zokongoletsera zamamangidwe.

410: Ili ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kulimba, kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, kukhathamiritsa kwakukulu kwamafuta, kukulitsa pang'ono, komanso kukana kwa okosijeni kwabwino.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mlengalenga, nthunzi wamadzi, madzi ndi ma oxidizing acid omwe amawononga ziwalo zowononga.

Zotsatirazi ndizomwe zili mu "zinthu za alloy" zamagulu osiyanasiyana achitsulo achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti mungotchula: